Unary, Conditional & Special Operators

Conditional operator:-

A ternary operator " ? : " is variable in 'C' is to construct conditional expressions of the form

exp 1 ? exp 2 : exp 3;

Unary Operator:-

These operators on a single value or variable. 

These are __, ++, --, !.

Special operators:-

“,”(Comma) & Size of are the special operators.

“,” is used to separate the variables size of operator is used to find the size of the data types.

These are 

&(address operator), * (indirection operator)

., size of.

Bit-Wise operators

‘C’ has distinction of supporting special operators known as bit-wise operators for manipulation of date at bit level.

These operators are used for testing the bits or shifting them right or left.

Bit-wise operator may not be applying to float or double.

Operator	Meaning
&	Bit-wise AND
|	Bit-wise OR
^	Bt-wise Exclusive (or) XOR Operator
<<	Shift left
>>	Shift right
~	Bit-wise NOT (or) Complement

Bit-wise AND :-

Two variables x & y whose values are 10 & 15 respectively.
Calculate Z=X & Y.

Bit-wise AND

X=10          -  0000  0000  0000  1010 Y=15          -  0000  0000  0000  1111

Z=X&Y          -  0000  0000  0000  1010  =  10

Bit-wise OR:-

Calculate Z=X|Y

Bit-wise OR

X=10          -  0000  0000  0000  1010 Y=15          -  0000  0000  0000  1111

Z=X|Y         -  0000  0000  0000  1111  =  15

Bit-wise XOR:-

Calculate Z=X^Y

Bit-wise Ex-OR (XOR)

X=10          -  0000  0000  0000  1010 Y=15          -  0000  0000  0000  1111

Z=X^Y          -  0000  0000  0000  0101  =  5

Bit-wise Left Shift:-

If x=10, calculate x<<3.

Bit-wise Left Shift

X=10           -  0000  0000  0000  1010

Z=X<<3       -  0000  0000  0101  0000  =2*2*2*2 + 2*2*2*2*2*2                                                   = 16 +64=80

Bit-wise Right Shift:-

If x=10, calculate x>>3.

Bit-wise  Right Shift

X=10            -  0000  0000  0000  1010

Z=X>>3            -  0000  0000  0000  0001  =1

Y=15            -  0000  0000  0000  1111

Z=Y>>3            -  0000  0000  0000  0001  =1

Bit-wise complement:-

Unary operator & inverts all the bits represented by its variables. That is 0’s becomes 1’s & 1’s becomes 0’s.

Bit-wise Complement

X=10            -  0000  0000  0000  1010

Z=X<<3            -  0000  0000  0000  0101  =5

Increment & Decrement operators

'C' has two very useful operators not generally found in other languages. They are increment and decrement operators ++ and --.

The operator ‘++’ adds 1 to the variable, while ‘--‘subtracts 1. Both the operators are unary operators & the fallowing form.

Increment & Decrement operators
a++ (post increment)	a-- (post decrement)
++a (pre increment)	--a (pre decrement)

++a or a++	++a --> a=a+1
--a or a--	--a --> a=a-1

While ++a & a-- mean something when form statements independently.

Example:-

Let a=5, b=a++ (post increment)	Let a = 5, b = ++a (pre increment)
b=5, a=a+1 --> 5+1=6	b=++a --> 5+1=6
b=5, a=6	a=6, b=6

They behave differently when they are used in expressions from the right hand side of assignment statements. 

In the 1st case, a post fix operators 1st assigns the value to the variable on left & the increments the operator. In the 2nd case a prefix operator 1st adds 1 to the operator & then the result is assigned to the variable on left.

Increments operators
a=10, b=a++	b=10	a=11
a=10, b=++a	b=11	a=11
a=10, b=a++ + a++	b=20	a=12
a=10, b=a++ + ++a	b=22	a=12
a=10, b=++a + a++	b=22	a=12
a=10, b=++a + ++a	b=24	a=12
a=10, b=a++ + a++ + a++	b=33	a=13
a=10, b=a++ + a++ + ++a	b=34	a=13
a=10, b=a++ + ++a + ++a	b=35	a=13
a=10, b=++a + a++ + a++	b=34	a=13
a=10, b=++a + a++ + ++a	b=35	a=13
a=10, b=++a + ++a + a++	b=35	a=13
a=10, b=++a + ++a + ++a	b=36	a=13

Decrements operators
a=10, b=a--	b=10	a=9
a=10, b=--a	b=9	a=9
a=10, b=a-- + a--	b=19	a=8
a=10, b=a-- + --a	b=18	a=8
a=10, b=--a + a--	b=18	a=8
a=10, b=--a + --a	b=17	a=8
a=10, b=a-- + a-- + a--	b=27	a=7
a=10, b=a-- + a-- + --a	b=27	a=7
a=10, b=a-- + --a + a--	b=27	a=8
a=10, b=a-- + --a + --a	b=25	a=7
a=10, b=--a + a-- + a--	b=27	a=7
a=10, b=--a + a-- + --a	b=24	a=7
a=10, b=--a + --a + a--	b=25	a=7
a=10, b=--a + --a + --a	b=24	a=7
a=10, b=a++ - a++ - a++	b=-10	a=-13
a=10, b=a++ - ++a – a++	b=-11	a=-13
a=10, b=a++ - --a + a++	b=10	a=11