Types of Computers based on Principles of Operations.

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Computers are divided into three types according to their structure, speed and architecture.

Those three types of computers are

1. Analog Computers:-

The computers which provide us continuous information are called analog computers.

Analog computers represent physical quantities in the form of waves or in continuous form.

Thermometer is the example of analog computers because it measures the length of a mercury column continuously.

A traditional clock is the example of analog computers because the needle of clock covers the distance of dial continuously.

Weight machine and Speedo meter are other examples of analog computers.

The above diagram shows that an analog system is working continuously as the wave is moving continuously in the above diagram.

ADVANTAGES:
a) devices and media that represent
b) Store images
c) Sound, motion pictures, etc.

DISADVANTAGES:

a) Analog computers can have a very wide range of complexity.

b) Very complicated for containing output for the users some time.

2. Digital Computers:-

The computers which present physical quantities with the help of symbols or numbers and provide us discrete information are called digital computers.

It can perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and also logical operations.

Most of the computers available today are digital computers.

The most common examples of digital computers are accounting machines and calculators.

The results of digital computers are more accurate than the results of analog computers.

Analog computers are faster than digital. 

Following list demonstrates various applications of Digital computers in today's are:-

1. Banking

2. Business

3. Education

4. Insurance

5. Marketing

6. Communication

7. Government

1. Banking:-

Banks provide online accounting facility, which includes current balances, deposits, overdrafts, interest charges, shares, and trustee records. 

ATM machines are making it even easier for customers to deal with banks.

2. Business:-

A computer has high speed of calculation, diligence, accuracy, reliability, or versatility which made it an integrated part in all business organisations.

a) Payroll calculations 

b) Budgeting 

c) Sales analysis 

d) Financial forecasting 

e) Managing employees database 

f) Maintenance of stocks etc.

3. Education:-

The computer provides a tool in the education system known as CBE (Computer Based Education). 

CBE involves control, delivery, and evaluation of learning.

The computer education is rapidly increasing the graph of number of computer students.

Computers are widely used in Engineering purpose.
One of major areas is CAD (Computer aided design).
That provides creation and modification of images.

Some fields are:

a) Structural Engineering
b) Industrial Engineering
c) Architectural Engineering

4. Insurance:-

Insurance companies are keeping all records up-to-date with the help of computers.
The insurance companies, finance houses and stock broking firms are widely using computers for their concerns.

Insurance companies are maintaining a database of all clients with information showing:-

a) Procedure to continue with policies 

b) Starting date of the policies 

c) Next due instalment of a policy 

d) Maturity date 

e) Interests due 

f) Survival benefits 

g) Bonus

5. Marketing:-

In marketing, uses of computer are following:

Advertising - With computers, advertising professionals create art and graphics, write and revise copy, and print and disseminate ads with the goal of selling more products.

At Home Shopping - Home shopping has been made possible through use of computerised catalogues that provide access to product information and permit direct entry of orders to be filled by the customers.

6. Communication:-

Communication means to convey a message, an idea, a picture or speech that is received and understood clearly and correctly by the person for whom it is meant for. 

Some main areas in this category are:

a) E-mail 

b) Chatting 

c) Usenet 

d) FTP 

e) Telnet 

f) Video-conferencing

g) Browsing

7. Government:-

Computers play an important role in government. 

Some major fields in this category are:

a) Budgets
b) Sales tax department
c) Income tax department
d) Male/Female ratio
e) Computerization of voters lists
f) Computerization of driving licensing system
g) Computerization of PAN card

3. Hybrid Computers

The computers which have qualities of both digital and analog computers are called hybrid computers.

Hybrid computer has the speed of analog and the accuracy of digital computer.

Hybrid computer is the computer used in hospitals to measure the heartbeat of the patient.

In ICU (Intensive care unit) of a hospital hybrid computers are used.

These computers analog quality controls the temperature of the room digital quality informs the doctor about the blood pressure, temperature and physical status of the patient.

Devices used in petrol pump.

Hybrid Machines are generally used in scientific applications or in controlling industrial processes.

These computers are reliable and provide accurate result.
These computers are fast and speedy.

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